Valuing a reduction in the risk of chronic kidney disease
A large scale multi-country stated preference approach
Compromised kidney function is associated with an array of environmental contaminants
and chemicals, including heavy metals, certain organic solvents, and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as food and waterborne pathogens. Many of these hazards
are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce
exposures and prevent human health risks. However, valuation estimates for kidney
effects that can be used in cost-benefit analyses are few, particularly willingness-to-pay
estimates. In particular, there appears to be no willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimate
available for reduced risk of chronic kidney disease and therefore no estimate for
the Value of a Statistical Case (VSC) of chronic kidney disease.
This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting
from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative
Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit
analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The
paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of symptomatic
chronic kidney disease, termed serious kidney disease in the survey instrument, filling
an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits
analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE serious kidney impairment survey was
fielded in 10 countries: Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Türkiye,
the United Kingdom and the United States.
Available from June 05, 2023
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