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  • 27-June-2023

    English

    OECD Conference on RNAi based Pesticides

    Considerations for the Human Health Risk Assessment of Externally Applied ds-RNA-Based Pesticides | This report includes lessons learned from the application of this technology in the field of pharmaceuticals and considers a range of issues directly relevant to human exposure arising from the application of externally-applied dsRNA-based pesticides. It also discusses possible effects of dsRNA exposure in mammals.

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  • 21-June-2023

    English

    Customisation Opportunities of IUCLID for the Management of Chemical Data – 3rd edition

    IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database) is a software application designed to record, store, maintain and exchange data on chemicals. It is a key software application for both regulatory bodies and the chemical industry where it is used in the implementation of various regulatory programmes. IUCLID can be customised and configured to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. It is continuously updated to provide greater customisation, extension and integration with other tools. This third edition provides the latest updates on IUCLID features and processes, including the use of PostgreSQL, an updated matrix view of the use of IUCLID in OECD countries, the new release schedule, and information on new tools to support the use of IUCLID (Data Uploader) and the IUCLID Customisation Forum.
  • 16-June-2023

    English

    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response - Third Edition

    Chemical accidents with serious consequences continue to happen in OECD Member countries and worldwide. Over the past decades, successive major accidents have caused deaths, injuries, significant environmental pollution and massive economic losses – from the hydrogen fluoride leak in Gumi (Korea) in 2012, the ammonium nitrate explosion in West, Texas (United States) in 2013 or, recently, the blow-up of a chemical facility in Tarragona (Spain) and the explosion at the port of Beirut (Lebanon) in 2020, and the blast in Leverkusen (Germany) in 2021. This third edition of the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response provides guidance for the safe planning and operation of hazardous installations. It aims to support public authorities and industry in taking appropriate actions to prevent chemical accidents and to mitigate impacts of accidents that do nevertheless occur. These guiding principles apply to fixed installations at which hazardous substances are produced, processed, handled, stored, used or disposed of, in such a form and quantity that there might be a risk of occurrence of a chemical accident. These guiding principles constitute the technical guidance supporting the implementation of the Decision-Recommendation of the Council concerning Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response adopted in 2023.
  • 5-juin-2023

    Français

    Les coûts et les bénéfices de la réglementation des produits et composés chimiques

    L'OCDE a mis en place le projet d’Enquêtes sur le consentement à payer pour éviter les effets négatifs sur la santé dus à l’exposition aux composés chimiques (SWACHE) afin d'établir des valeurs comparables du consentement à payer pour éviter les effets négatifs sur la santé dus à l'exposition aux produits chimiques suivants : asthme, l'infertilité, la perte de QI, les maladies rénales chroniques et le très faible poids à la naissance.

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  • 5-June-2023

    English

    Valuing a reduction in the risk and severity of asthma - A large scale multi-country stated preference approach

    Asthma is a non-communicable and non-curable lung disease that is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals. Many of these hazards are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce exposures and prevent human health risks. However, the available information on willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid asthma or reduce its severity is scarce, incomplete and does not provide estimates compatible with welfare economic theory that can be used in cost-benefit analysis. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost-benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper offers values suitable for use in cost-benefit analyses of the WTP for reduced severity of asthma attacks in adults and children and in reduced probability of getting asthma for these two population groups, all in the context of reducing chemical exposures, and covering populations in seven OECD countries: Canada, Czech Republic, France, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The context for such WTP elicitations was a set of household products that contain fewer hazardous chemicals than what is currently available in supermarkets but are more expensive.
  • 5-June-2023

    English

    Valuing a reduction in the risk of chronic kidney disease - A large scale multi-country stated preference approach

    Compromised kidney function is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals, including heavy metals, certain organic solvents, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as food and waterborne pathogens. Many of these hazards are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce exposures and prevent human health risks. However, valuation estimates for kidney effects that can be used in cost-benefit analyses are few, particularly willingness-to-pay estimates. In particular, there appears to be no willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimate available for reduced risk of chronic kidney disease and therefore no estimate for the Value of a Statistical Case (VSC) of chronic kidney disease. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of symptomatic chronic kidney disease, termed serious kidney disease in the survey instrument, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE serious kidney impairment survey was fielded in 10 countries: Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Türkiye, the United Kingdom and the United States.
  • 5-June-2023

    English

    Valuing the avoidance of IQ losses in children - A large scale multi-country stated preference approach

    Exposure to chemicals has been shown to reduce IQ in children. In turn, a person’s IQ is likely to affect their educational achievements, which may then affect lifetime earnings, more generally, a person’s quality of life. At the same time, authorities face challenges in regulating chemical substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, economic studies that show the value of reducing IQ loss caused by chemical exposure are not yet available. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to avoid IQ loss, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE IQ loss survey was fielded in 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
  • 5-June-2023

    English

    Valuing a reduction in the risk of very low birth weight - A large scale multi-country stated preference approach

    There is ample evidence that exposure to various chemicals can increase the probability of children to be born with low or very low birth weight. Infants born with very low birth weight have a higher risk of suffering from neurosensory problems, issues related to behavioural and social competencies, and learning disabilities than infants born with normal birth weight. Authorities face challenges in regulating chemical substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, existing Values of a Statistical Case (VSC) of very low birth weight are rare and cannot be directly applied to the cost benefit analysis of chemical management options for a wide range of countries. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of very low birth weight, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE very low birth weight survey was fielded in 9 countries: Canada, the Czech Republic, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
  • 5-June-2023

    English

    Valuing a reduction in the risk of infertility - A large scale multi-country stated preference approach

    While fertility decline is a global phenomenon that has many causes, part of it can be explained by exposure to substances linked to reproductive toxicity that are produced and lead to human exposure through the environment and products. Authorities face challenges in regulating reprotoxic substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, economic studies that show the value of reducing infertility caused by chemical exposure are not yet available. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of infertility, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE infertility survey was fielded in 10 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
  • 5-May-2023

    English

    Publications in the series on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers

    Countries are taking action against toxic chemicals emitted into air, water and land by industry. How can countries track progress made towards this target? The new OECD report looks at Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers data as a means to track toxic releases to monitor chemical pollution in order to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.4.

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