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  • 12-December-2023

    English

    Adverse Outcome Pathways

    The OECD released three new Adverse Outcome Pathways following scientific review and OECD endorsement.

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  • 12-December-2023

    English

    Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosis

    Lung fibrosis is a dysregulated or exaggerated tissue repair process resulting in the thickening or scarring of lung tissue. It involves the presence of sustained or repeated exposure to a stressor and intricate dynamics between several inflammatory and immune response cells, and the microenvironment of the alveolar-capillary region consisting of both immune and non-immune cells, and the lung interstitium. This AOP is applicable to a broad group of stressors of diverse properties e.g. metal dusts, pharmacological products, fibres, microorganisms, chemicals, including novel technology-enabled stressors such as nanomaterials. This AOP is referred to as AOP 173 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 12-December-2023

    English

    Adverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation

    This adverse outcome pathway links inhibition of aromatase activity in teleost fish during gonadogenesis to increased differentiation to testis resulting in a male-biased sex ratio in the population, and ultimately, reduced population sustainability. Most gonochoristic fish species develop either as males or females and do not change sex throughout their life span. However, in species where sexual differentiation is controlled at least to some degree by environmental factors, there can be a window of development during gonadal differentiation that is sensitive to a variety of exogenous conditions. During this window, endocrine active chemicals, aromatase inhibitors in particular, have the potential to alter gonad development and sex differentiation. This AOP is referred to as AOP 346 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 12-December-2023

    English

    Adverse Outcome Pathway on Androgen receptor agonism leading to male-biased sex ratio

    This adverse outcome pathway links androgen receptor agonism in teleost fish during gonadogenesis to male-biased sexual differentiation and consequently, reduced population growth rate. Sex determination in teleost fishes is highly plastic; it can be genetically or environmentally influenced. Species with environmentally-based sex determination in particular can be very sensitive to exogenous chemicals during the period of differentiation. Exogenous hormones are of ecological concern because they have the potential to alter gonad development and sex differentiation. This AOP is referred to as AOP 376 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 29-November-2023

    English

    Webinar Series on Testing and Assessment Methodologies

    Two webinars were held by the OECD, which aimed to provide training and orientation on method validation at the OECD, and to help researchers become familiar with method readiness evaluation.

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  • 22-November-2023

    English

    Publications on Minor Uses of Pesticides

    This page lists, in chronological order, the Pesticides Publication Series that relate to Minor Uses.

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  • 22-November-2023

    English

    Pesticides publications (Chronological order)

    This guidance document collates a variety of existing information regarding the registration of pesticides for minor uses in a centralised document.

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  • 26-October-2023

    English

    OECD Council Acts Related to Chemicals and Biotechnology Products

    This new Decision-Recommendation sets out key high-level elements to support the development of a chemical accidents programme covering the fields of prevention, preparedness, and response. It is a consolidation and update of three original OECD legal instruments from 1988 and 2004. It comes with its supporting technical guidance, the Guiding Principles on Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response - 3rd edition.

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  • 23-October-2023

    English

    Adverse Outcome Pathway on impaired interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) signaling leading to impaired T-cell dependent antibody response

    Stressors that exhibit immunosuppression might act by different mechanisms, i.e. alter the number of cells involved in the immune response, the ability of the cells to produce cytokines, chemokines, antibodies or growth factors, the composition of the subpopulations of cells present at the site of the response, or the function of the cells. This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes how impairment of the signaling receptor IL-1R1 in T cells can lead to impaired T cell activation and antibody production, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. The AOP focuses on the blocking of binding of IL-1 to IL-1R1, leading to the Inhibition of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). This AOP is referred to as AOP 277 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 23-October-2023

    English

    Adverse Outcome Pathway on deposition of energy leading to lung cancer

    The present Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between lung cancer initiated from the Deposition of Energy (DoE) into a cell by a prototypic stressor such as radon gas. The multiple ionization events from DoE can directly break DNA double strands and initiate the activation of repair machinery through non-homologous end joining, an efficient, but error-prone process. When double strand breaks occur in DNA regions that transcribe critical genes, mutations generated by faulty repair may alter the function of these genes or cause chromosomal aberrations. These events alter the functions of many gene products and affect cell growth, cycling, and apoptosis. Cell proliferation is then promoted by escaping the regulatory control and forming hyperplasia in lung epithelial cells, leading eventually to lung cancer. Although the weight of evidence for this AOP is strong, uncertainties remain on dose-effect relationships across KEs, particularly for DoE delivered at low doses and dose-rates.
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